The U.N.’s Food and Agricultural Organization in February of 2024 reported that 2023 cereal production was a record 2.836 billion tonnes which is 1.2% or 34 million tonnes higher than in 2022. United States Department of Agriculture data shows that of the major cereal crops of wheat, rice and corn, wheat and rice production was stable while 2023 corn production increased 6%. Foodgrain crops made up 46% of all cereal production with wheat at 28% and rice at 18%. This talk will analyze the growth of yields in major wheat and corn exporting and importing countries against the backdrop of increasing weather extremes like heat waves droughts/floods which generally affect grain growth especially in rainfed areas. The primary reasons for decreased grain yields are: A) lack of moisture during grain growing season B) heat stress due to temperature extremes and irregular drought patterns often linked to the ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation phases). For example, the triple dip La Nina event (2020/2023) exacerbated the Canadian prairie drought. A preliminary assessment suggests that rising levels of CO₂ (carbon dioxide) may be helping grain growth in various regions, thus offsetting the deleterious impacts of weather extremes. The beneficial impact of rising levels of CO₂ on worldwide grain yields and forest enrichment will be exemplified and briefly discussed in this talk.