Stream temperature is one of the most critical factors controlling aquatic ecosystem health. Stream thermal regimes naturally vary across space and time due to complex interactions between energy and hydrologic processes, including groundwater-surface water exchange. In addition, stream temperature can be altered by climate variability, flow regulation by impoundments and dams, and land cover changes such as urbanization, wildfire and forestry. New insights are needed on stream temperature patterns and processes to inform effective management approaches that will sustain and augment healthy aquatic ecosystems. We invite empirical and modelling studies that contribute to better understanding of stream thermal regimes.