Understanding the lithosphere, the rigid outermost shell of the Earth, is fundamental to understanding plate tectonics and the evolution of the Earth. Significant advances in geophysical imaging, petrology, rheology, and geodynamics in the past decade have enabled an interdisciplinary investigation into the compositional, rheological, and thermal architecture of the lithosphere. The dynamic interaction of the lithosphere with the underlying asthenosphere and deeper mantle is critical in the secular evolution of the Earth system and provides essential constraints on surface tectonics and deformation. We welcome contributions that explore the structure, dynamics, and the state of the crust, Moho, lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere across a range of tectonic settings (oceans, continents, rifts, margins, etc.) and length scales (local to regional, continental, and global scales) utilizing methodologies and datasets including, but not limited to, seismology, electromagnetics, gravity, geodynamic modeling, thermal-mechanical-chemical modeling.