Pressurized chemical looping (PCL) is a carbon capture technology proposed as an option for the decarbonization of small and medium-sized emitters. In PCL processes, the main air compressor is often one of the largest capital expenditures (CAPEX) for equipment and its power consumption represents a significant portion of the operational expenditure (OPEX). Turbochargers are most commonly used in engines, taking hot exhaust air from the engine to drive a turbine connected via a shaft to a compressor on the inlet air. PCL plants feature a hot nitrogen exhaust stream; thus, there is an opportunity to use a single or multiple turbochargers to recover energy from the PCL plant exhaust stream. Preliminary analysis has shown a nearly 20% reduction in total capital investment through the integration of turbochargers into a PCL pilot plant, as well as a 60% reduction in operating power consumption. Turbochargers can also be purchased “off the shelf” which is ideal for small emitters where it can reduce the development time and cost. Additionally, turbochargers are typically capable of adapting to sudden changes in operating conditions. Similar OPEX benefits over the electric compressor-only configuration can be achieved by utilizing a compressor-expander configuration; however, due to the compressor-expander requiring a more custom design, there is no significant reduction in CAPEX when adding an expander to the air supply system. This work explains potential process configurations for PCL that integrate turbochargers, and provides a comparison of costs between these and traditional compressor configurations.
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