Climate change is intensifying the global water cycle and altering the magnitude, intensity, frequency, and seasonality of hydrological extremes, including floods and droughts. In snow-dominated regions, changes in temperature and precipitation, together with snowpack declines can exacerbate these extremes, including rain-on-snow and atmospheric river-driven precipitation that can cause compound flood extremes. Understanding historical changes and future trajectories of hydrological extremes, along with the underlying climatic and hydrological processes that drive them, is essential for effective risk assessment and adaptation planning. Furthermore, attribution studies provide a scientific basis for assessing the influence of long-term climate change on observed extreme events and trends. This session provides a platform for research examining both historical changes and future projections in hydrological extremes. We invite both methodological and application-oriented studies that investigate the drivers and occurrences of both floods and drought extremes. We welcome contributions addressing both historical and future changes in extremes, including trends, the role of hydroclimatic drivers, attribution of observed extreme events, compound extremes, nonstationary extreme value analyses, and associated uncertainties.