Wetlands are among the most vulnerable ecosystems, facing threats from urban sprawl, climate change, and groundwater extraction. Peatlands in southern Quebec provide crucial ecological services, particularly in terms of biodiversity support, hydrological regulation, and carbon sequestration. These environments have experienced anthropogenic pressures leading to their decline over recent decades. Lowering of water levels in peatlands, caused for example by groundwater pumping, can have detrimental effects in the ecosystem by inducing tree encroachment. The increased presence of trees can generate a feedback loop in which increased evapotranspiration exacerbates further decline of peatland water levels. This study aims to better understand the impact of groundwater pumping on peatlands water levels in different topo-stratigraphic contexts. 124 conceptual models were built to depict geomorphological conditions, slopes, undulating topography, and geology typical of the St. Lawrence Lowlands in southern Quebec. Pumping wells with varying extraction rates were introduced in the models at different distances from the peatlands in steady-state and transient state flow simulation conditions. Heads within the peatlands were monitored and pumping conditions leading to the exceedance of a given drawdown threshold were identified for the different topographic and hydrostratigraphic contexts and well location. The results are presented in summary graphs that allow the rapid identification of optimal and detrimental conditions, thus providing directly accessible information for groundwater pumping authorization purposes. By emphasizing the interdependence of groundwater levels in the regional aquifer and in peatlands, this research contributes new data and knowledge that helps mitigate the negative impacts of human activities on sensitive ecosystems.