Groundwater constitutes essential support for biodiversity and the ecosystem services associated with aquatic environments. Recent research has shown that the province of Quebec has developed a solid and coherent legal framework that explicitly recognizes the ecological value of groundwater and integrates this dimension into an integrated water resources management approach. This normative framework is based in particular on mechanisms aimed at ecosystem preservation, ecological loss compensation, and public participation, reflecting a significant evolution in groundwater-related policies. This paper analyses the main legal and policy instruments governing groundwater in Quebec, highlighting how biodiversity and groundwater-dependent ecosystems are recognized and protected. Based on a qualitative analysis of positive law and existing institutional arrangements, the study emphasizes the structuring role of the Quebec model within the Canadian context. Building on this normative foundation, the paper proposes a reflection on the ways in which these instruments may be articulated with Indigenous knowledge related to water. Without calling into question the robustness of the existing framework, it shows that such knowledge can serve as a complementary lever to enrich public policies, strengthen ecosystem-based approaches, and support management practices that are more attuned to territorial realities. By situating the Quebec experience within current Canadian debates on groundwater-related policies, this contribution seeks to inform reflections on legal and institutional frameworks capable of reconciling biodiversity protection, plurality of knowledge systems, and the sustainable management of aquifers.