Name
A Laboratory Study on Preventing Anchor Ice Accumulation Using Embedded Heating Cables in Concrete
Date & Time
Monday, May 25, 2026, 11:00 AM - 11:15 AM
Description
River ice formation is a recurring phenomenon in Canada and other cold regions. When turbulent river water becomes supercooled, frazil ice crystals form; these particles freeze together to form frazil flocs and can attach to submerged surfaces to form anchor ice. The accumulation of these ice particles can damage and limit the use of hydraulic structures, such as weirs. The most effective mitigation method is to heat the structure; however, applying too much heat for too long is costly and inefficient.
This study focuses on determining the minimum heat required to prevent the formation of anchor ice on concrete. Three self-regulating heating cables and two temperature sensors were embedded in a concrete slab along with a surface-mounted heat flux plate. The slab was deployed in a frazil ice production tank located inside a cold room. Side-mounted propellers generated turbulence while the water was cooled, leading to the buildup of anchor ice. The magnitude of the heat flux and the timing and duration of heating were varied during the experiments. Time-lapse images of anchor ice formation were captured. Measurements of water and concrete temperatures, anchor ice thickness, heat flux, and time of anchor ice release were also collected.
The results of this study provide insights into reducing the thermal energy required to prevent anchor ice formation on submerged concrete structures.
Location Name
McCain 2017
Full Address
Dalhousie University
Halifax NS
Canada
Halifax NS
Canada
Session Type
Oral Presentation
Abstract ID
194
Speaker Organization
University of Alberta
Session Name
H4
Co-authors
Vincent McFarlane, Assistant Professor, University of Alberta
Mark Loewen, Professor, University of Alberta
Presenting Author
Ahmed Reda