Our study employs the Canadian Land Surface Scheme Including Biogeochemical Cycles (CLASSIC) to evaluate the impact of climate warming on the carbon balance of northern peatlands between 40° - 80° N latitude within the ISIMIP3a framework. We compare a historical climate scenario (obsclim) with a counterfactual non-warming scenario (counterclim) over the 1970 - 2019 period. The global obsclim warming rate for this period was 0.18 °C decade⁻¹, while for Canada, it was 0.34 °C decade⁻¹. Under obsclim conditions, northern peatlands demonstrate a net loss of 0.11 Pg C globally over 50 years, while Canada's 1.13 million km² of peatlands contribute a net gain of 0.45 Pg C. Our findings reveal divergence between global and regional peatland response to anthropogenic warming (found via differencing obsclim and counterclim simulations). On a global scale, while anthropogenic warming has driven a positive trend in gross primary productivity (GPP), this gain is offset by a greater increase in ecosystem respiration (Re). Warming increased carbon emissions are greatest in Europe, Southern Siberia, and parts of Alaska. In contrast, Canadian peatlands are more resilient to this historical climate warming. The difference between obsclim and counterclim simulations over the past 50 years suggests anthropogenic warming reduced the net C uptake by Canadian peatlands by half but did not fully offset these ecosystems’ C sink capacity. These results suggest that Canadian peatlands have maintained their capacity for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation even as global peatlands degrade.