Although peatlands cover only 3-4% of the Earth’s land surface, they store nearly 30% of global soil carbon. In Alberta’s boreal region, dense networks of linear infrastructure, including access roads, can influence wetland hydrology and ecosystem processes. This study investigates how a mineral access road alters carbon and water fluxes in a shrubby fen in northeastern Alberta. Eddy covariance systems and lysimeters were deployed on the upgradient and downgradient sides of the road to quantify ecosystem–atmosphere exchanges during the 2024 growing season, complemented by hydrometeorological and lysimeter-based measurements. There was a shallower water table on the upgradient side of the road, which exhibited a higher gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and water-use efficiency (WUE) for much of the season. In contrast, the downgradient side of the road showed reduced productivity overall but higher late-season evapotranspiration and WUE, along with lower ecosystem respiration. Despite similar cumulative GPP and ET across both sides, greater cumulative respiration on the upgradient side contributed to observed differences in NEE. These results demonstrate that road-induced hydrologic gradients can drive spatial variability in peatland carbon–water dynamics, underscoring the need to consider hydrologic connectivity in wetland management and restoration within resource development landscapes.