Name
Sulfate additive studies to reduce methane emissions from livestock manure
Description
Canadian livestock farmers are interested in reducing the carbon footprint of their products. Reducing methane emissions is a key part of this goal, and manure is a significant methane source. Technologies such as biogas can reduce emissions, however, these systems have high capital costs and require permits and grid connections. This study explores low-cost alternatives which could help the industries reduce emissions in the near-term. Previous studies have shown that H2SO4 is an effective additive to suppress methane emissions, linked to its strong acidity and sulfate ion species. This study compares the additive efficacy between a sulfate-based non-acid (CaSO4), and two rates of acidification, one at pH>7 and one at pH<7, for a sulfate-based acid (H2SO4) and a sulfate-free acid (H3PO4). The efficiency gain in suppression from CaSO4 at different treatment rates was also analyzed. Two mechanisms of suppression were observed: acidification had a strong effect within 40 days (up to 65% for H2SO4, and 54% for H3PO4), possibly related to the bacterial growth phase, while sulfate compounds were found to reduce methane emission more effectively after 50 days, with cumulative suppression of up to 63% for CaSO4 and 91% for H2SO4 after 157 days. These results suggest that multiple additives can be successful at mitigation, and suggest further development of affordable and modular strategies - harnessing these mechanisms - can unlock effective near-term solutions for small and medium producers to make large reductions in methane in the near-term.