
Cold alpine hydrogeology presents significant challenges due to remote locations and harsh environmental conditions. Recent research suggests that winter hydrogeological dynamics in proglacial regions are reflected in aufeis, which are persistent ice formations in sub-zero temperatures. This study focuses on an aufeis that historically formed almost annually downstream of a rock glacier in Shar Shäw Tágà, Mount St-Elias, located within the territory of the Kluane First Nation in Yukon, Canada. However, despite variable meteorological conditions, the aufeis did not form during the last four consecutive winters. Conducted from 2018 to 2023, our study utilized time-lapse imagery, satellite images, and meteorological records to assess fluctuations in aufeis extent, formation timing, and melt-out periods. Analysis of remote sensing-based occurrence time series indicates that the non-formation of the studied aufeis for four consecutive years is uncommon. Additionally, statistical analysis suggests a weak or nonexistent correlation between winter meteorological conditions and aufeis formation. Extending our remote sensing study to other aufeis in the watershed reveals that the non-formation of aufeis of the same type does not appear to be interconnected. Furthermore, when aufeis fails to form for multiple consecutive years, it often ceases to form permanently. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that aufeis formation in a deglaciating valley is dependent on water supply.
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