From infiltration at the soil surface to groundwater discharge zones, groundwater resources sustain various anthropic uses and groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Understanding the complexities of surface water–groundwater interactions, especially through recharge and discharge, is crucial to link groundwater dynamics with these uses, especially in Canadian cold climates where strong seasonality shapes hydrological processes. However, global change – including shifts in climate, altered precipitation patterns, warming temperatures, and intensifying land-use pressures – threatens the current balance and impacts human uses and groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Alternatively, Nature-based solutions are increasingly implemented to mitigate these pressures on water resources by harnessing ecosystem services. Consequently, a deeper understanding of the processes involved in surface water-ecosystem-groundwater feedbacks is urgently needed. This session explores methodological developments and process characterization related to groundwater recharge, flow, discharge, and their interactions with ecosystems. We invite contributions on monitoring and data acquisition, field investigations and hydrogeophysical methods, data-driven approaches, remote sensing, GIS analyses, and modeling — from conceptual to fully integrated numerical tools — that improve our ability to assess groundwater availability, surface–groundwater interactions, and ecosystem responses under changing conditions. Contributions on the design, implementation, and performance assessment of Nature-based solutions are also welcome, as they offer pathways to strengthen connections between groundwater and surface water and enhance the resilience of groundwater-dependent ecosystems.