Bangladesh, due to its geographic exposure and dense population, is among the most climate-vulnerable countries in South Asia. Climate change has become a key driver of internal displacement, with extreme events, such as cyclones, floods, salinity intrusion, increasingly forcing rural populations to migrate toward urban centers. Drawing on a systematic scoping review of policy issues of climate migration in English-language, peer-reviewed literature (2014–2024) from Web of Science, this study qualitatively analyzes national policy frameworks through the lens of the Climate Adaptation and Resilience Framework. This theoretical lens enables an evaluation of Bangladesh’s institutional response to climate-induced displacement by assessing the anticipatory, absorptive, and adaptive capacities of its governance systems to build climate resilience in the face of displacement, with special attention to social equity and the effectiveness of policy implementation.