Research on the impact of transportation on employment and income outcomes in the past decade has focused on a few different areas. For example: car ownership and employment outcomes (Smart & Klein, 2015; Blumenberg & Pierce, 2017; Ralph, 2018), car ownership and income (Smart & Klein, 2015; Ralph, 2018), and accessibility and employment outcomes (Smart & Klein, 2015; Blumenberg & Pierce, 2017; Hu, 2017; Johnson et al., 2017; Ralph, 2018; Bastiaanssen et al., 2022). However, methodological challenges remain, including endogeneity, specifically reverse causality. There is also a lack of research on the causal role of accessibility on economic outcomes, especially using longitudinal panel data. Against this backdrop, our research aims to investigate the following question: “To what extent does public transit job accessibility affect the likelihood of being in or out of poverty in Toronto?” Our research is an attempt to address methodological challenges while using longitudinal panel data. We used longitudinal transit accessibility measures and the Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD), which is a panel dataset containing records of 20% of tax filers in Canada in this research. We used five waves of LAD- 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016. We used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) on a pooled panel dataset. Furthermore, to address endogeneity issues between income and accessibility, we employed a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) with lagged Instrumental Variable (IV) (Johnson et al., 2017). We used transit accessibility of the census tract in 1991 as the IV. Our findings suggest that the relationship between poverty and transit accessibility is complex. Possible reasons include residential self-selection and transit dependency. For example, several affordable rental housing and co-op housing are in ‘reasonable’ proximity to subway stations and streetcar network in Toronto, which might influence the relationship between accessibility and poverty. Moreover, transit might be improving the likelihood of staying employed but not necessarily being out of poverty.